Bolt actions in rifles essentially come in two flavours: push feed and controlled feed. The major difference between the two is how the cartridges are loaded into the chamber.
So which type is better?
Personally, I prefer bolt action rifles with a push feed system. I find that they are easier to reload and they tend to perform better in dirty environments. However, some people swear by rifles with a controlled feed system because they say that they are more reliable also.
Enter the great push feed versus controlled feed debate!
The bolt does not have complete control of the cartridge in a push feed action, the bolt picks up the cartridge and simply rams it into the chamber.
Typically when you push the bolt forward on a push feed action, the cartridge is collected by the bolt face. If you stop before the round is chambered and move the bolt rearwards, the cartridge is left in where it is.
The push feed bolt has an extractor “claw,” but it does not grab the cartridge until the bolt is completely pushed forwards.
When the bolt is pushed home, the extractor moves away from the base of the round until the cartridge is chambered snugly.
The extractor, which is spring-loaded, slips over the rim of the cartridge, locking onto the base.
This allows the empty case to be pulled from the chamber after firing, ready for ejection.Â
Paul Mauser, the German firearm designer / manufacturer developed the controlled feed bolt action with the Gewehr 98 and later Karabiner 98k (Kar98k).
With a controlled feed, the bolt face pushes the round forward, releasing it from the grip of the magazine housing.
As the cartridge is pushed forward it slides upwards and into the grasp of the extractor. The the rim of the cartridge slides behind the extractor and then the round is essentially attached to the bolt wherever it goes.Â
This means that the cartridge can be pulled back from the breech shortly after it is picked up. Regardless if the case has been chambered or not. The empty case or unfired cartridge can be pulled back and ejected at any time.
Â
Once chambered and fired, the bolt is pulled back and a stationary piece of steel located near the back of the action slides down the ejector slot on the side of the bolt. This is the ejector and when this protruding piece of steel strikes the base of the cartridge, it ejects the case from the rifle.
Â
Push feed and controlled feed are two different bolt action designs. The main difference between them is how the cartridges are fed into the chamber.
A push feed bolt action rifle uses a simple mechanism to push the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The bolt has a small lip on it that engages the rim of the cartridge and pushes it forward. Once the cartridge is in the chamber, it is held in place by the bolt. The push feed design is generally considered to be less reliable than controlled feed. As it is easier for the cartridge to be double fed or jammed in the mechanism.
Controlled feed bolt action rifles, on the other hand, have a more sophisticated mechanism that ensures the cartridge is properly aligned and fed into the chamber. In this design, the bolt extractor claw engages the cartridge rim as it is fed from the magazine into the chamber. This helps to ensure that the cartridge is properly aligned and securely in place before the bolt is closed. As a result, controlled feed bolt action rifles are therefore considered to be more reliable than push feed designs. This especially true under harsh conditions or when using cartridges with high pressure or heavy recoil.
Basically, the main difference between push feed and controlled feed bolt action rifles is the way in which the cartridges are fed into the chamber, with controlled feed being more reliable due to its mechanism for properly aligning and securing the cartridge.
Some manufacturers of rifles with controlled feed are:
Sako: The Finnish manufacturer produces a range of controlled feed bolt action rifles, including the Sako 85 and the Sako A7.
Tikka: The Tikka T3 is a controlled feed bolt action rifle.
These are just a few examples of rifles with controlled feed actions.
I, personally, do not think that it is a factor one way or the other.
If you are staring down a razorback at short range, that has the size and attitude of a school parent in a Prado picking up their little darlings. Then you may not want the chance of a double feed, if your first round just served to piss it off. But then, a better question might be why you got yourself into that position in the first place.
If, however, your prey is a furry feral the size of a footy 100m away, you may survive the encounter, double feed or not.
If you have your scope mounted on a one piece picatinny rail then feeding in single rounds may be too hard anyway. More on that here: Rifle Scope Rails.
As is so often the case it is personal choice. Ask around if you like. We don’t think it matters one way or the other.
You might find an argument at least ;).
